Tracking de 10 anos da aptidão física e capacidade funcional de mulheres adultas praticantes de atividade física / 10-Year tracking of fitness and functional capacity of adult women practicing physical activity of physical activity

Contexto e objetivo: Diversos benefícios são advindos da prática da atividade física durante o envelhecimento, porém poucos são os achados que apresentem os dados ao longo do tempo. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a estabilidade das variáveis da aptidão física e capacidade funcional de mulheres adultas praticantes de atividade física em um período de 10 anos. Desenho e local: Estudo longitudinal com mulheres de São Caetano do Sul. Métodos: A amostra foi composta por 157 mulheres com idade entre 45 e 86 anos (65,7 ± 6,7), analisadas em quatro intervalos de tempo: baseline, 6, 8 e 10 anos, todas praticantes de atividade física. A avaliação incluiu variáveis antropométricas, neuromotoras e de capacidade funcional. A análise estatística utilizada foi o teste t de Student, correlação de Spearman Rho e delta percentual. O nível de significância adotado foi de P < 0,01. Resultados: Os resultados apresentaram correlações de estabilidade alta e significante (rho = 0,64 a 0,87) nos três grupos nas variáveis índice de massa corporal, adiposidade, força de membros superiores, flexibilidade e agilidade. O acompanhamento de 6 a 10 anos evidenciou diferenças significantes de força de membros superiores, inferiores, agilidade e equilíbrio, sendo expressa pela redução da força de membros superiores de 8% a 13%, força de membros inferiores de 18% a 21%, agilidade de 18% a 19% e equilíbrio de 28% a 34%. Conclusão: Houve estabilidade das variáveis antropométricas, neuromotoras, capacidade funcional e equilíbrio de mulheres adultas praticantes de atividade física, mesmo apresentando redução significativa nas variáveis citadas anteriormente.

Cardiovascular exercise and motor learning in non-disabled individuals: A systematic review with a behavioral emphasis

Abstract Aim: This systematic review aimed to investigate the acute effects of cardiovascular exercise on motor learning of non-disabled individuals. Methods: Forty studies were identified through database searching (PsycINFO, CENTRAL, Google Scholar, Scielo, and PUBMED). The studies demonstrated heterogeneity and were classified into two categories to guide the analyses: (1) - studies that investigated the effects of exercise-induced fatigue during practice on the performance in the retention test; (2) - studies that verified the acute impact of the cardiovascular exercise in close temporal proximity to the task practice on motor learning. Results: The studies demonstrated that (1) - the practice under fatigue conditions did not impair motor learning and that (2) - the cardiovascular exercise bout performed in close temporal proximity to task practice enhances the motor learning processes. Conclusion: Cardiovascular exercise enhances motor learning processes; however, these priming effects are dependents on the timing between practice and exercise, type of exercise, and task characteristics.

Diseño de dietas alimentarias para soldadores y paileros a partir de su gasto energético / Design of food diets for welders and smiths based on their energy expenditure

RESUMEN Introducción: el desempeño laboral en algunos puestos de trabajo, determina un alto nivel de carga física por parte de los trabajadores, por lo que se impone la necesidad de disponer de una adecuada dieta alimentaria para mantener la salud física y mental. Objetivo: se desarrolló una investigación para diseñar una dieta alimentaria para soldadores y paileros a partir del gasto energético en actividades laborales. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio de campo que partió de una muestra no probabilística de soldadores y paileros de la Empresa Industrial Ferroviaria José Valdés Reyes. Se ejecutó un procedimiento que permitió la determinación de la dieta alimentaria de los trabajadores a partir del gasto energético de las actividades que desarrollan. Se aplicaron ciertas técnicas de observación directa, entrevistas, tormenta de ideas, medición directa de variables fisiológicas y ecuaciones para el cálculo del gasto energético. Resultados: se diseñaron tres variantes de dietas ajustadas al gasto energético de tres puestos de trabajo de la mencionada empresa. Conclusiones: se espera que la aplicación de las dietas diseñadas contribuya a mantener una buena salud de los trabajadores de esos puestos de trabajo (AU).

ABSTRACT Introduction: the working performance of certain jobs determines a high level of physical load from the part of the workers, for what the necessity is imposed of having an appropriate food diet to preserve the physical and mental health. Objective: to design a food diet for welders and smiths starting from the energy expense in working activities. Materials and methods: a field study was carried out starting from a probabilistic sample of welders and smiths from the Industrial Railroad Enterprise Jose Valdes Reyes. A procedure was performed allowing to determine the energy expenditure of the activities they develop. Several techniques like direct observation, interviews, brain storm, direct measure of physiological variable and equations were used to calculate the energy expenditure. Results: three diet variants were designed adjusted to the energy expenditure of the three working places of the before mentioned enterprise. Conclusions: it is expected the application of the designed diets will contribute to keeping good health of the workers in those working places (AU).

Habilidade motora grossa em lactentes prematuros segundo a Alberta Infant Motor Scale / Gross motor skill in premature infants according to Alberta Infant Motor Scale

A prematuridade é caracterizada pelo nascimento entre 22 e 37 semanas de gestação, podendo implicar em disfunções de diversos sistemas do organismo, dentre eles, o sistema neurológico, devido à imaturidade dos órgãos. Alterações no sistema neurológico comumente afetam o desenvolvimento motor da criança, que é determinado pela habilidade motora grossa. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a habilidade motora grossa em lactentes prematuros, segundo a Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS). Trata-se de um estudo descritivo-exploratório, de abordagem quantitativa, associado a um delineamento transversal, no qual aplicou-se dois instrumentos para coleta de dados de 122 lactentes que nasceram com idade gestacional entre 28 e 36 semanas, que são atendidos pelo Projeto de Extensão "Acompanhamento do desenvolvimento motor de recémnascidos de alto risco (Follow-up)", realizado no Núcleo de Estudos de Fisioterapia de uma faculdade privada. Um instrumento estruturado com perguntas sobre características sociodemográficas da mãe, história obstétrica desta e perfil do recém-nascido, e outro, a escala validada AIMS, aplicada mensalmente, por quatro meses, para avaliar o desenvolvimento motor do lactente. Os resultados mostraram aumento gradual da presença de alterações do desenvolvimento motor dos lactentes com o passar dos meses. (AU)

Prematurity is characterized by birth between 22 and 37 weeks of gestation, which may imply dysfunctions in several systems of the organism, among them, the neurological system, due to the immaturity of the organs. Changes in the neurological system commonly affect the child's motor development, which is determined by gross motor skills. The purpose of this study is to assess gross motor skills in premature infants, according to the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS). This is a descriptive-exploratory study, with a quantitative approach, associated with a cross-sectional design, in which two instruments were applied for data collection of 122 infants born with gestational age between 28 and 36 weeks, assisted by the Project entitled "Monitoring the motor development of high-risk newborns (Follow-up)", carried out at the Physiotherapy Studies Center of a private college. A structured instrument with questions about the mother's sociodemographic characteristics, obstetric history and profile of the newborn, and another, the validated AIMS scale, applied monthly, for four months, to assess the infant's motor development. The results showed a gradual increase in the presence of changes in the motor development of infants over the months. (AU)

Light-intensity physical activity patterns and associated factors in adolescents

Abstract Aims: This study aimed to measure light-intensity physical activity (LPA) patterns in adolescents according to weekdays and school period and investigated associations between LPA patterns and associated factors. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with 388 students of both genders, selected from public schools from Londrina city, Parana state. LPA was measured using accelerometry for seven consecutive days and was analyzed by the time spent in very short (15 to 30 s), short (30 to 60 s), intermediate (1 to 3 min), and long bouts (≥ 3 min). Results: Approximately 22% of the total daily time was spent in LPA. The time in LPA accumulated in short or intermediate bouts was higher than the time accumulated in very short or long bouts (P < 0.05). Gender was associated with short (β= 2.180; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.357 to 4.003) and intermediate bouts (β = 2.822; 95% CI, 0.681 to 4.964), girls presented higher daily time. Age was inversely associated with very short (β = −0.925; 95% CI, −1.676 to −0.175) and intermediate bouts (β = −1.985; 95% CI, −3.579 to −0.390). The total time in LPA and time accumulated in very short, short, and intermediate bouts was higher in the school period when compared to the non-school period (P < 0.05). Conclusion: It could be concluded that the LPA patterns are predominantly composed of time spent in bouts between 30 seconds and three minutes. Gender, age, and school period appear to influence the LPA pattern in adolescents.

The relation between gross motor coordination and health-related physical fitness through raw and standardized measures from the KTK and Fitnessgram tests

Abstract Aim: The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effects of considering single/ combined and raw/ standardized measures from the Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder (KTK) and Fitnessgram tests on the relation between GMC and HRPF in four age-groups. Method: Participated five-hundred thirty-one children and adolescents (279 boys). The individuals were divided into four groups: 4 to 7, 7 to 9.5, 9.5 to 12, 12 to 15 years of age. We utilized the KTK and Fitnessgram tests to measure, respectively, GMC and HRPF. Bootstrap correlations and χ2 tests were performed for all individuals, and each group controlling for sex. Results: For the raw scores, correlations were around (absolute) r = 0.37, except body composition, with large decreases when controlling for age and sex. For standardized tests, considering either the GMC quotient or GMC categories, correlations were all significant (around r = 0.34). Finally, considering broad categories (apt/non-apt and coordinated/non-coordinated), the association was 0.16. Conclusions: We found clear influences of the measure utilized on the association between GMC and HRPF measures.

Desenvolvimento motor de lactentes expostos ao HIV: oportunidades no ambiente domiciliar / Motor development of infants exposed to HIV: affordances in the home environment

Objetivou-se avaliar se as variáveis do ambiente e as sociodemográficas e clínicas do familiar e do lactente verticalmente exposto ao Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana (HIV) interferem nas oportunidades no domicílio para o desenvolvimento motor infantil. Estudo transversal, no Sul do Brasil, entre dezembro de 2015 a setembro de 2017, com 83 familiares e seus respectivos lactentes verticalmente expostos ao HIV, utilizando dois instrumentos: questionário do lactente e familiar e o Affordances in the Home Environment for Motor Development - Infant Scale. Análise com correlação de Pearson e Spearman e regressão linear simples. As oportunidades foram moderadamente adequadas, com associações positivas significativas entre as variáveis idade do familiar e do lactente, escolaridade e possuir irmão exposto ao HIV e as dimensões espaço físico, variedade de estimulação, brinquedos de motricidade grossa e fina. Conclui-se que as variáveis sociodemográficas do familiar e do lactente interferiram nas oportunidades para desenvolvimento motor infantil no domicílio.

The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the environment and the sociodemographic and clinical variables of the family member and the infant vertically exposed to the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) interfere in the home opportunities for infant motor development. This is a cross-sectional study, in Southern Brazil, carried out between December 2015 and September 2017, with 83 family members and their respective infants vertically exposed to HIV, using two instruments: infant and family questionnaire and the Affordances in the Home Environment for Motor Development - Infant Scale. Analysis was performed with Pearson and Spearman correlation and simple linear regression. Opportunities (affordances) were moderately adequate, with significant positive associations between the variables of age of the family member and infant, education level, and presence of a sibling exposed to HIV and the dimensions of physical space, variety of stimulation, and toys for gross and fine motor skills. We conclude that the sociodemographic variables of the family member and the infant interfered in the opportunities for infant motor development at home.

Nivel de actividad física y su relación con factores clínicos y complicaciones crónicas en personas con diabetes mellitus / Level of physical activity and its relation to clinical factors and chronic complications in people with diabetes mellitus

Introducción: La prevalencia de inactividad física en Cuba es de 40,4 por ciento pero se desconoce la frecuencia en personas con diabetes mellitus. Entre los factores asociados con la actividad física están la edad y la existencia de antecedentes familiares de diabetes mellitus, entre otros. Objetivos: Determinar el nivel de actividad física y su relación con factores clínicos y complicaciones crónicas en personas con diabetes mellitus. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal, en una muestra de 131 personas con diabetes mellitus, mayores de 18 años, en el Policlínico "Héroes del Moncada"; donde se evaluó el nivel de actividad física a través de la versión corta del cuestionario IPAQ. Se utilizó la prueba de Chi cuadrado entre variables cualitativas y la correlación de Pearson para las variables cuantitativas. Resultados: De los pacientes estudiados, 54,9 por ciento tenían un nivel de actividad física bajo. Existió correlación negativa entre el grado de actividad física y la edad (p<0,0001), así como positiva con el peso corporal (p<0,0001). El nivel de actividad física bajo fue más frecuente en las personas con edades comprendidas entre 60 y 79 (59,7 por ciento), mientras que el alto prevaleció en los de 40-59 años (61,3 por ciento) (p<0,05). Los individuos con un solo familiar de primer grado diabético fueron más representados en el nivel de actividad física bajo (75 por ciento). No se encontró relación entre el nivel de actividad física y el número de complicaciones de la diabetes mellitus. Conclusiones: El nivel de actividad física en las personas con diabetes mellitus fue bajo, de forma similar al de la población general en Cuba y se asoció con la edad, los antecedentes familiares de diabetes y el exceso de peso corporal(AU)

Introduction: The prevalence of physical inactivity in Cuba is 40.4% but the frequency in people with diabetes mellitus is unknown. Factors associated with physical activity include age and a family history of diabetes mellitus, among others. Objectives: Determine the level of physical activity and its relation to clinical factors and chronic complications in people with diabetes mellitus. Methods: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of 131 people over the age of 18 with diabetes mellitus, in "Heroes of the Moncada" Polyclinic where the level of physical activity was assessed through the short version of IPAQ questionnaire. The Chi square test between qualitative variables and Pearson's correlation was used for quantitative variables. Results: Of the patients studied, 54.9 percent had a low level of physical activity. There was negative correlation between the degree of physical activity and the age (p<0.0001), as well as positive with body weight (p<0.0001). Low level of physical activity was more common in people aged 60 to 79 (59.7 percent), while high level prevailed in those aged 40-59 (61.3 percent) (p<0.05).Individuals with just one diabetic first-degree family member were more represented at the low physical activity level (75 percent).No relationship was found between the level of physical activity and the number of complications of diabetes mellitus. Conclusions: The level of physical activity in people with diabetes mellitus was low, similar to that of the general population in Cuba and was associated with age, family history of diabetes and excess body weight(AU)

Nivel académico y aplicación de parámetros de seguridad en programas de ejercicio físico en ancianos / Academic background and application of safety parameters in physical exercise programs for the elderly

Introducción: El conocimiento idóneo en ciencias del ejercicio físico de los instructores de los programas ejercicio físico comunitario es importante para garantizar la seguridad y calidad de los programas para adultos mayores. Objetivo: Analizar el nivel de formación de los instructores y la frecuencia de aplicación de dos parámetros de seguridad para la implementación de programas de ejercicio físico para el adulto mayor. Métodos: Estudio transversal, analítico, realizado con 115 instructores de grupos de adultos mayores de Bucaramanga, Colombia. Para la recolección de la información se utilizó un cuestionario ad hoc. Las variables se analizaron en medidas de tendencia central o frecuencias según su naturaleza. Se utilizó la prueba exacta de Fischer para explorar la asociación entre las variables de interés. El nivel de significancia fue de p ≤ 0,05. Resultados: El 18,22 por ciento de los instructores encuestados posee titulación en Ciencias del Ejercicio Físico. Se encontró una mayor frecuencia de aplicación de método de selección de aptitud para la realización de actividad física, con diferencias estadísticamente significativas, en los sujetos titulados (p = 0,032) y en aquellos que recibieron capacitación formal en ejercicio físico en el adulto mayor (p = 0,002). Los sujetos titulados exigieron con mayor frecuencia una valoración médica (p=0,036). Conclusiones: La mayoría de los instructores reportaron no aplicar los parámetros de seguridad para la implementación de un programa de ejercicio físico. Sin embargo, hubo una mayor frecuencia de aplicación en instructores titulados y en aquellos con capacitación formal en ejercicio físico para el adulto mayor(AU)

Introduction: Suitable knowledge about physical culture sciences by community exercise instructors is important to ensure the safety and quality of programs for the elderly. Objective: Analyze the academic background of instructors and the frequency of application of two safety parameters in the implementation of physical exercise programs for the elderly. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted of 155 instructors of groups of elderly people in Bucaramanga, Colombia. An ad hoc questionnaire was used to collect the information. The variables were analyzed as measures of central tendency or frequencies, depending on their nature. Fisher's exact test was used to explore the association between the variables of interest. The significance level was p ≤ 0.05. Results: Of the instructors surveyed, 18.22 percent had a degree in Physical Exercise Sciences. A higher frequency was found of the application of the selection method based on aptitude to conduct physical activity, with statistically significant differences between graduated subjects (p = 0.032) and those who had received formal training in physical exercise for the elderly (p = 0.002). Medical assessment was more often requested by graduated subjects (p=0.036). Conclusions: Most instructors reported not to apply the safety parameters for implementation of a physical exercise program. However, application was more frequent by graduated instructors and those with formal training in physical exercise for the elderly(AU)

Efectividad del cuestionario global e internacional de actividad física comparado con evaluaciones prácticas / Effectiveness of the global and international physical activity questionnaire compared to practice evaluations

El objetivo de esta revisión fue examinar la efectividad del cuestionario Global de actividad física y el Cuestionario Internacional de actividad física forma corta, en relación con las evaluaciones prácticas que valoran la condición física saludable como instrumento de valoración del sedentarismo. Se realizó una búsqueda digital en bases de datos científicas de alto factor de impacto según referencia electrónica de Scimagojr, Scopus, Pubmed y Ebsco. La efectividad del cuestionario internacional y global de actividad física, en la valoración del sedentarismo y prescripción del ejercicio físico parecen condicionados en comparación con las evaluaciones prácticas, que valoran factores similares, sin embargo, proveen indicadores básicos que debe tomarse en cuenta al inicio de prescribir actividad física, se evidencia la necesidad de aplicar parámetros de nivel sedentario y aptitud física en población adulta establecidos por evaluaciones prácticas(AU)

The objective of this review was to examine the effectiveness of the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire and the International Short Form Physical Activity Questionnaire, in relation to practical evaluations that assess healthy physical condition as an instrument for assessing sedentary lifestyle A digital search was conducted in scientific databases of high impact factor according to electronic reference of Scimagojr, Scopus, Pubmed, and Ebsco. The effectiveness of the international and global physical activity questionnaire, in assessing sedentary lifestyle and prescribing physical exercise seem conditioned, compared to practical evaluations, which assess similar factors, however they provide basic indicators that should be taken into account at the beginning of prescribing physical activity, the need to apply sedentary level and physical fitness parameters in the adult population established by practical evaluations is evident(AU)

Asociación entre nivel y dominios de actividad física en escolares de 9 a 12 años / Association between level and domains of physical activity in schoolchildren from 9 to 12 years

RESUMEN Objetivo Analizar la relación entre el nivel y los dominios de la actividad física en escolares de 9 a 12 años de instituciones educativas públicas del Municipio de Los Patios, Cúcuta, 2017, con base en la información obtenida a través del cuestionario Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C). Métodos Estudio descriptivo, transversal y analítico. Se realizó un muestreo estratificado proporcional con una muestra de 777 escolares. Se firmaron consentimientos y asentimientos informados, luego se procedió a la aplicación del cuestionario PAQ-C. Resultados El 50,3% de los escolares son niñas; el 44% presenta un nivel moderadamente activo, el dominio "tiempo libre" tiene mayor grado de asociación con un coeficiente de correlación de 0,65 y es significativo a un nivel de 0,01, seguido del dominio "hogar" con un coeficiente de correlación de 0,617 y en el dominio "escolar", 0,502. Conclusiones Se determinó que el nivel de actividad física de los escolares es moderadamente activo y que decrece con la edad. Se puede afirmar que los niños son más activos que las niñas, además, existe una correlación directa entre los dominios y el nivel general de actividad física.(AU)

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the relationship between the level and domains of physical activity in school children from 9 to 12 years of public educational institutions of the Municipality of Los Patios, Cucuta, 2017, based on the information obtained through the questionnaire PAQ-C (Physical Activity Questionnaire for children). Methods Descriptive, transversal and analytical study. With a sample of 777 schoolchildren, a proportional stratified sampling was carried out. Consent and informed consent were signed, then the PAQ-C questionnaire was applied. Results 50,3% of schoolchildren are girls; 44% present a moderately active level, the free time domain has a greater degree of association with a correlation coefficient of 0,65 and is significant at a level of 0,01, followed by the household domain with a correlation coefficient of 0,617 and the school role 0,502. Conclusions It was determined that the level of physical activity of school children is moderately active and that it decreases with age, we can say that boys are more active than girls, in addition, there is a direct correlation between the domains and the general level of activity physical.(AU)

Estudo comparativo da potência aeróbica entre os estágios maturacionais determinados pela menarca / Comparative study of aerobio power between maturational stages determined by menarche / Estudio comparativo de la potencia aeróbica entre las etapas de maduración determinadas por la menarquia

RESUMO Objetivo Identificar e comparar a potência aeróbica entre os estágios maturacionais determinados pela menarca. Métodos Participaram 19 alunas de 10 a 14 anos do ensino fundamental de um colégio particular da cidade Itajubá-MG, praticantes de atividades físicas escolares; seis do estágio M0, sete do estágio M e seis do estágio M1. O estudo empregou uma tipologia quase experimental e delineamento comparativo. Estatisticamente, utilizou-se Anova One-Way para comparar as variáveis entre os estágios de maturação, seguida de post-hoc de Tukey. O nível de significância foi p<0,05. Resultados Descritivamente, a potência aeróbia foi identificado nos três estágios maturacionais, sendo absolutamente: M0 1,7 ± 0,32, para M 2,2 ± 0,26 e para M1 2,6 ± 0,43 L/min e relativamente: M0 41,4 ± 1,72, para M 46,5 ± 4,51, e para M1 43,9 ± 5,42 ml/kg.min. Observou-se diferença significativa com p=0,001 no VO2 máximo absoluto, tendo um aumento progressivo do VO2 máximo absoluto juntamente com a maturação sexual, não havendo diferença significativa do VO2 máximo relativo com p=0,125. Discussão e Conclusão Conclui-se que existe um aumento significativo do VO2 máximo absoluto juntamente com o avanço maturacional, e no VO2 máximo relativo, não identificamos diferenças significativas entre os estágios maturacionais determinados pela menarca com declínio após um ano da ocorrência da menarca.(AU)

ABSTRACT Objective To identify and compare the aerobic power between the maturation stages determined by menarche. Methods Participated 19 students from 10 to 14 years of the primary school of a private school in the city of Itajubá-MG, practicing physical school activities; six from stage M0, seven from stage M and six from stage M1. The study used a quasi-experimental typology and a comparative design. Statistically, Anova One-Way was used to compare variables between maturation stages, followed by Tukey's post-hoc. The level of significance was p<0.05. Results Descriptively, the aerobic power was identified in the three stages of maturation, being absolutely: M0 1.7 ± 0.32, for M 2.2 ± 0.26 and for M1 2.6 ± 0.43 L/min and relatively: M0 41.4 ± 1.72, for M 46.5 ± 4.51 and for M1 43.9 ± 5.42 ml/kg.min. There was a significant difference with p = 0.001 in the absolute maximum VO2, with a progressive increase in the absolute maximum VO2 along with sexual maturation, without significant difference in the relative maximum VO2 with p = 0.125. Discussion the conclusion We conclude that there is a significant increase in the absolute maximum VO2 together with the progression of maturation, and in the relative maximum VO2, we did not identify significant differences between the maturation stages determined by menarche with a decrease after one year of occurrence of menarche.(AU)

RESUMEN Objetivo Identificar y comparar la potencia aeróbica entre las etapas de maduración determinadas por la menarquia. Métodos Participaron 19 estudiantes de 10 a 14 años de la escuela primaria de un colegio privado de la ciudad de Itajubá-MG que practican actividades escolares físicas; seis de la etapa M0, siete de la etapa M y seis de la etapa M1. El estudio empleó una tipología cuasiexperimental y un diseño comparativo. Estadísticamente, se utilizó Anova One-Way para comparar las variables entre las etapas de maduración, seguido del post hoc de Tukey. El nivel de significancia fue p<0.05. Resultados Descriptivamente, se identificó la potencia aeróbica en las tres etapas de maduración, siendo absolutamente: M0 1.7 ± 0.32, para M 2.2 ± 0.26 y para M1 2.6 ± 0.43 L / min y relativamente: M0 41,4 ± 1,72, para M 46,5 ± 4,51 y para M1 43,9 ± 5,42 ml / kg. min. Hubo una diferencia significativa con p = 0.001 en el VO2 máximo absoluto, con un aumento progresivo del VO2 máximo absoluto junto con la maduración sexual, sin diferencia significativa en el VO2 máximo relativo con p=0.125. Discusión Se concluyó que existe un aumento significativo en el VO2 máximo absoluto junto con la progresión de la maduración. En el VO2 máximo relativo no se identificaron diferencias significativas entre las etapas de maduración determinadas por la menarquia con un descenso después de un año de ocurrencia de la menarca.(AU)

Estructura de un programa de ejercicio físico dirigido a escolares / Structure of a physical exercise program directed at schoolchildren

RESUMEN Objetivo Realizar una revisión temática sobre programas de ejercicio físico dirigidos a niños en el contexto mundial. Métodos La búsqueda de información se realizó en bases de datos Redalyc, Scielo, Elsevier, Pubmed, Scopus, utilizando los descriptores en salud como actividad motora, niños, adolescentes, ejercicio de calentamiento, ejercicios de estiramiento muscular y ejercicio de enfriamiento. Se seleccionaron artículos completos en idioma español e inglés publicados entre 2008 y 2019. Además, se consultaron páginas de organizaciones como la Organización Mundial de Salud (OMS), Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS), Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social de Colombia, el Departamento administrativo del deporte, la recreación, la actividad física y el aprovechamiento del tiempo libre, entre otros. Se organizó la información en base de datos Excel, acorde con el año de publicación, título, autores, metodología, fases y dimensiones del programa. Resultados Se analizó la información y se diseñó la estructura del programa de actividad dirigido a escolares, teniendo en cuenta las recomendaciones de la OMS y la legislación vigente en Colombia. Conclusiones La implementación de programas de ejercicio físico desde la infancia y la adolescencia promueve hábitos saludables que impactan de forma positiva la salud disminuyendo factores de riesgo de enfermedades crónicas no trasmisibles. La estructura de los mismos incluye características metodológicas como duración, frecuencia, intensidad, tipo de ejercicio y las fases de calentamiento, estiramiento, fase activa o central, y enfriamiento o vuelta a la calma.(AU)

ABSTRACT Objective To conduct a thematic review of physical exercise programs for children in the global context. Methods The search for information was carried out in databases Redalyc, Scielo, Elsevier, Pubmed, Scopus, using descriptors in health such as motor activity, children, adolescents, warm-up exercise, muscle stretching exercises and cooling exercise. Full-length articles in Spanish and English were selected and published between 2008 and 2019. In addition, pages were consulted from organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO), Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), Ministry of Health and Social Protection of Colombia, the Administrative Department of Sports, recreation, physical activity and the use of free time, among others. The information was organized in an Excel database according to the year of publication, title, authors, methodology, phases and dimensions of the program. Results The information was analyzed and the structure of the activity program for schoolchildren was designed, taking into account the recommendations of the WHO and the legislation in force in Colombia. Conclusions The implementation of physical exercise programs from childhood and adolescence, promote healthy habits that positively impact health by decreasing risk factors of chronic non transmissible diseases. Their structure includes methodological characteristics such as duration, frequency, intensity, type of exercise and the warm-up, stretching, active or central phase, and cooling down or returning to calm phases.(AU)

A duração e a frequência da prática de atividade física interferem no indicativo de sarcopenia em idosos? / ¿La duración y la frecuencia de la actividad física interfieren con la indicación de sarcopenia en los ancianos? / Do the duration and frequency of physical activity affect the indicator of sarcopenia in older adult?

RESUMO A sarcopenia é uma síndrome caracterizada pela perda progressiva de massa muscular e está associada a desfechos adversos na saúde de idosos. A atividade física tem sido apontada como uma importante ferramenta para a prevenção da sarcopenia. Diante disso, este estudo investigou a relação da duração e frequência da prática de atividade física com os indicativos de sarcopenia de idosos. Participaram deste estudo transversal 551 idosos praticantes de atividade física nas academias da terceira idade do município de Maringá (PR). Como instrumentos foram utilizados o international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) e o SARC-F. A análise dos dados foi conduzida por meio dos testes de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, correlação de Spearman e a análise de equações estruturais (p<0,05). Os resultados evidenciaram que os idosos deste estudo realizam atividades físicas leves (Md=3) e moderadas (Md=2) semanalmente, mas não praticam atividades vigorosas (Md=0), e apresentam baixo indicativo de sarcopenia (Md=1). A análise de equações estruturais revelou que as variáveis de atividades leves e moderadas apresentaram associação significativa (p<0,05), e negativa com o escore de indicativo de sarcopenia, entretanto fraca (β<0,20), explicando 7% da sua variabilidade. Concluiu-se que a prática de atividades física leves e moderadas parece ser fator interveniente no indicativo de sarcopenia em idosos.

RESUMEN La sarcopenia es un síndrome caracterizada por la pérdida progresiva de masa muscular y que está asociada a resultados adversos en la salud de los ancianos. La actividad física ha sido señalada como una importante herramienta para la prevención de la sarcopenia. Por lo tanto, este estudio investigó la relación de la duración y frecuencia de la práctica de actividad física con los indicativos de sarcopenia de ancianos. En este estudio transversal participaron 551 ancianos practicantes de actividad física en las Academias de la tercera edad del municipio de Maringá (PR). Como instrumentos se utilizaron el International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) y el SARC-F. El análisis de los datos fue conducido por medio de las pruebas de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, correlación de Spearman y el análisis de ecuaciones estructurales (p<0,05). Los resultados evidenciaron que los ancianos realizan actividades físicas leves (Md=3) y moderadas (Md=2) semanalmente, pero no actividades vigorosas (Md=0), además de bajo indicativo de sarcopenia (Md=1). El análisis de ecuaciones estructurales reveló que las variables de actividad leves y moderadas presentaron una asociación significativa (p<0,05) y negativa con la puntuación del indicativo de sarcopenia, sin embargo débil (β<0,20), explicando el 7% de su variabilidad. Se concluyó que la práctica de actividades físicas leves y moderadas parece ser un factor interviniente en el indicativo de sarcopenia en ancianos.

ABSTRACT Sarcopenia is a syndrome characterized by progressive loss of muscle mass and associated with adverse health outcomes in older adults. Physical activity has been pointed out as an important tool for its prevention. Therefore, this study investigated the relationship of sedentary lifestyle, duration and frequency of physical activity with the indicator of sarcopenia in older adults. Five hundred and fifty-one physically active older adults enrolled in senior fitness centers of Maringá (PR) participated in this cross-sectional study. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the SARC-F were the instruments used. Data analysis was conducted using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, Spearman correlation coefficient and the Structural Equation Analysis (p<0.05). Results showed that older adults participated in mild to moderate physical activities weekly, but not vigorous ones, besides exhibiting low sarcopenia indicators. Structural Equations analysis revealed that the variables of mild and moderate activity presented a significant (p<0.05) and negative correlations with the sarcopenia indicators score, however weak (β<0.20), explaining its 7% variability. It was concluded that the practice of mild and moderate physical activity affect sarcopenia indicators in older people.

A prática de futebol recreativo no Brasil por adultos diabéticos e hipertensos / Recreational soccer practice in Brazil for diabetic and hypertense adults

O estudo analisou a prática de futebol recreativo de brasileiros diabéticos e hipertensos adultos (18 anos de idade ou mais) e verificou a contribuição dessa modalidade para a obtenção da meta de atividade física recomendada pela Organização Mundial da Saúde. Dados transversais sobre a prática de atividade física foram obtidos do Ministério da Saúde de 2014, em que, cerca de 41.000 adultos foram entrevistados por inquérito telefônico. Aproximadamente 2,4% dos diabéticos e 3,1% dos hipertensos relataram o futebol como a principal atividade física recreativa, com predominância de homens de meia-idade (35-44 anos), casados e com nove a 12 anos de escolaridade. A maior parte deles (80%) praticavam futebol uma a duas vezes na semana com duração diária de 60 minutos ou mais. Entre os futebolistas recreativos, 80% dos hipertensos e 20% dos diabéticos realizavam atividade física suficiente. Os diabéticos necessitam ser informados sobre a importância da regularidade das atividades para maximizar os efeitos da atividade física no controle glicêmico (AU)

The study analyzed the recreational soccer practice of diabetics and hypertensive adults (18 years of age or older) and verified the contribution of this modality to the analyzes of the physical activity goal recommended by the World Health Organization. Cross-sectional data on the practice of physical activity were examined by the Ministry of Health in 2014, which approximately 41,000 adults were interviewed by phone. Approximately 2.4% of diabetics and 3.1% practice hypertension related to football as the main recreational physical activity, with a predominance of middle-aged men (35-44 years), married and with 9 to 12 years of schooling. Most of them (80%) play football once twice a week, with a daily duration of 60 minutes or more. Among recreational footballers, 80% of hypertensive and 20% of diabetics perform sufficient physical activity. Diabetics select information about the importance of regular activity to maximize the effects of physical activity without glycemic control (AU)

Test de desarrollo motor aplicados en Chile entre el período 2014-2018: una revisión sistemática / Motor development tests applied in Chile between the period 2014-2018: a systematic review

El desarrollo motor es un proceso continuo y multidimensional del ciclo vital del ser humano. Para el profesor de educación física se hace esencial buscar instrumentos que permitan medir el desarrollo motor para una intervención intencionada que permita alcanzar un desarrollo apropiado a la edad de cada estudiante. El objetivo de este estudio es identificar los test de desarrollo motor aplicados en Chile entre 2014-2018. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de artículos científicos que aplicaron test de desarrollo motor, entre los años 2014-2018. La búsqueda de artículos se realizó en las bases de datos "Ebsco", "Dialnet" y "Scielo". Las palabras claves en la búsqueda fueron, desarrollo motor y test desarrollo motor, en los idiomas español, inglés y portugués. Se obtuvo un total de 9 artículos que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Los resultados mostraron que se han utilizado 4 test de desarrollo motor en el periodo declarado. En conclusión, el test más utilizado en Chile es el TGMD-2 el cual es ampliamente recomendado y validado en el contexto chileno; y cuyo propósito se basa en la identificación de los niveles de ejecución (bajo o superior) del desarrollo motor grueso en los niños según la edad cronológica

Motor development is a continuous and multidimensional process of the human being life cycle. For the physical education teacher it is essential to look for instruments that allow measuring the motor development for an intentional intervention that allows achieving an appropriate development at the age of each student. The objective of this study is to identify the motor development test applied in Chile between 2014-2018. A systematic review of scientific articles that applied motor development tests was carried out between 2014-2018. The search for articles was carried out in the "Ebsco", "Dialnet" and "Scielo" databases. The keywords in the search were; motor development and motor development test, in the Spanish, English and Portuguese languages. Nine articles were obtained that met the inclusion criteria. The results showed that four motor development tests have been used in the declared period. In conclusion, the most used test in Chile is TGMD-2 which is widely recommended and validated in the Chilean context; and whose purpose is based on the identification of the performance levels (lower or higher) of gross motor development in children according to chronological age

Qual o melhor protocolo e ponto de corte no teste 4-metre gait speed para discriminar capacidade de exercício na Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica? / Which is the best protocol and cut-off point in the 4-metre gait speed test to discriminate exercise capacity in COPD?

RESUMO Objetivo Verificar o poder discriminativo e o ponto de corte de diferentes protocolos do teste 4-metre gait speed (4MGS) para identificar capacidade de exercício preservada ou reduzida no teste de caminhada de 6 minutos (TC6min) em pacientes com Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica (DPOC); comparar os protocolos do 4MGS; e comparar as características dos indivíduos de acordo com o melhor ponto de corte encontrado. Métodos Foram avaliados 56 pacientes com DPOC. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos à avaliação das características antropométricas, função pulmonar (espirometria) e capacidade funcional de exercício (TC6min e 4 protocolos do 4MGS). No teste 4MGS, os pacientes foram instruídos a caminhar em velocidade usual e máxima em percursos de 4 metros (4MGS 4m - usual e máximo) e 8 metros (4MGS 8m - usual e máximo). Resultados Somente o protocolo 4MGS 4m-máximo foi capaz de identificar capacidade de exercício preservada no TC6min (AUC=0,70) com correlação moderada entre os testes (r=0,52; P<0,0001). O ponto de corte encontrado no 4MGS 4m-máximo foi de 1,27 m/s. Os pacientes com capacidade de exercício preservada (4MGS 4m-máximo ≥1,27m/s) atingiram maior distância percorrida no TC6min em %predito (91±2 vs 76±3; P<0,0001). Nas outras comparações envolvendo gênero, IMC, VEF1%pred e índice GOLD não ocorreram diferenças significantes entre os grupos. Além disso, a concordância de indivíduos classificados com capacidade de exercício preservada e reduzida no TC6min e no 4MGS 4m-máximo foi significante (P=0,008). Conclusão O teste 4MGS 4m-máximo pode ser utilizado para discriminar capacidade de exercício preservada em pacientes com DPOC, e se correlaciona com o TC6min.

ABSTRACT Objective To determine the discriminative capacity and cut-off point of different 4-metre gait speed test (4MGS) protocols in identifying preserved or reduced exercise capacity using the six-minute walk test (6MWT) in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD); also, to compare 4MGS protocols and characteristics of individuals according to the best cut-off point. Methods We evaluated fifty-six patients with COPD, all of which were submitted to the assessment of anthropometric characteristics, pulmonary function (spirometry) and functional exercise capacity (6MWT and four protocols of the 4MGS). In the 4MGS test, patients were instructed to walk at normal pace and at maximum speed in a 4 meters course (4MGS 4m - usual pace and at maximum) and 8 meters course (4MGS 8m - usual pace and at maximum). Results Only the 4MGS 4m-maximum protocol was able to identify preserved exercise capacity in the 6MWT (AUC=0.70) with moderate correlation between them (r=0.52; P=0<0.0001). The cut-off point found in the 4MGS 4m-maximum was 1.27 m/s. Patients with preserved exercise capacity (4MGS 4m-maximum ≥1.27m/s) walker greater distances on the 6MWT in %pred (91±2 vs 76±3; P<0.0001). In the other comparisons involving gender, BMI, FEV1% pred and GOLD index there were no significant differences between the groups. In addition, the agreement of individuals classified as preserved and reduced exercise capacity in the 6MWT and 4MGS 4m-maximum was significant (P = 0.008). Conclusion The 4MGS 4m-maximum test can be used to discriminate preserved exercise capacity in patients with COPD and correlates with the 6MWT.

Predictive value of the general movements assessment in preterm infants: a meta-analysis / Valor preditivo da general movements assessment na avaliação neurológica de recém-nascidos pré-termo: uma metanálise

ABSTRACT Objective: To discuss the predictive value of the General Movements Assessment for the diagnosis of neurodevelopment disorders in preterm newborns. Data source: We conducted a systematic literature review using the following databases: Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health (PubMed), and Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE). The articles were filtered by language, year of publication, population of interest, use of Prechtl's Method on the Qualitative Assessment of General Movements, and presence of variables related to the predictive value. The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 was used to assess the methodology of the included studies. Sensitivity, specificity, Diagnostic Odds Ratio, positive and negative likelihood ratio, and parameter of accuracy were calculated. Data synthesis: Six of 342 articles were included. The evaluation of Writhing Movements is a good indicator for recognizing cerebral palsy, as it has high values for the sensitivity and accuracy parameters. The evaluation of Fidgety Movements has the strongest predictive validity for cerebral palsy, as it has high values in all measures of diagnostic accuracy. The quality assessment shows high risk of bias for patient selection and flow and timing of the evaluation. Therefore, the scale has potential to detect individuals with neurodevelopment disorders. However, the studies presented limitations regarding the selection of subjects and the assessment of neurological outcomes. Conclusions: Despite the high predictive values of the tool to identify neurological disorders, research on the subject is required due to the heterogeneity of the current studies.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar o valor preditivo da General Movements Assessment para o diagnóstico de alterações do neurodesenvolvimento em recém-nascidos pré-termo. Fonte de dados: Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura utilizando as bases de dados: Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health (PubMed) e Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE). Os artigos foram filtrados por idioma, ano de publicação, população de interesse, utilização do Método Prechtl de avaliação e presença das variáveis relacionadas ao valor preditivo da escala. O Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 foi utilizado para avaliar a metodologia dos artigos. Foi realizado o cálculo de sensibilidade, especificidade, Diagnostic Odds Ratio, razão de verossimilhanças positiva e negativa e parâmetro de acurácia. Síntese dos dados: Foram incluídos seis artigos dentre os 342 encontrados. A escala, quando realizada no período Writhing Movements, possui bom poder discriminativo para o desfecho paralisia cerebral, com valores elevados de sensibilidade e acurácia. Quando realizada no período Fidgety Movements, possui maior valor preditivo para paralisia cerebral, com valores elevados em todas as medidas de acurácia diagnóstica. O risco de viés foi considerado elevado na seleção de pacientes e no fluxo e momento da avaliação. Desse modo, a escala tem potencial para detectar indivíduos que evoluíram com alterações do neurodesenvolvimento, porém, os artigos apresentaram limitações quanto à seleção dos sujeitos e à forma de avaliação do desfecho neurológico. Conclusões: Apesar dos altos valores preditivos descritos para identificação de alterações neurológicas, novas pesquisas são necessárias, devido à heterogeneidade dos estudos e ao método de avaliação a longo prazo do neurodesenvolvimento.